The ethnoreligious conflict was defined as a situation in which the relationship between members of one ethnic or religious group and another of such group in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society is characterized by lack of cordiality, mutual suspicion, and fear, and a tendency towards violent confrontation. Terrorism: Terrorism is a major concern in Nigeria daily. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to assess availability of each of the aforementioned subgroups of resuscitation devices and drugs, in each primary and secondary healthcare facility in all eighteen (18) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, in Southern Nigeria. In many countries, the executive arm of the government declares a state of emergency. The administration has also pledged an equitable transfer of wealth to the people, which should be implemented. There ought to have been a time to determine a cause; time to close that case; and time to deliver judgment and pass sentences. This is a rooted general perception of inequality and unfairness which has resulted in a grievance by a large number of people. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! The Siracusa Principles limit which rights can be infringed. c. All tribes and areas should be treated equally by the government. One of main advantages of emergency maintenance is that there is no initial planning involved so initial cost involved to maintain equipment before failure occurrence is safe. The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales for cases. Lack of institutional capacity resulting in government failure described as the corrosion or breakdown of institutional infrastructures. U$vYL.w-*;-lA the Government of Nigeria declared a state of emergency with the imposition of curfews. The latest disgusting incident was the abduction and killing of an American-based Nigerian, Prince Eloniyo Abuda, who was found dead five days after he was abducted by suspected Fulani herdsmen. Economic crisis: Nigerias economic situation has deteriorated significantly. In order to facilitate this collaboration, Memoranda of Understanding have been signed by several United Nations agencies; these agreements aim to clarify roles and responsibilities in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes, and outline commitments to joint activities within agency competencies. A state of emergency is not an aberration. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels The general view is that peace and security are determined by good governance. This is so because the association of different component units will make the . 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Below are some of the difficulties impacting ethnicity in Nigeria, as well as proposed. Like in many other societies, the sources of insecurity in Nigeria have been traced to a number of factors and explained by different people. K= 7 ! 7. Nigeria - a multiethnic nation of more than 160 million people - is also affected by a spate of conflicts over land, religion and oil. b. Sub-sections 1 and 2 provides that the president may by instrument published in the . 5. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. With the lingering security challenges and the inability of the security apparatus of the government to guarantee safety and security in the country, the question that borders everyone in Nigeria today is can there be security? Is the security of lives and properties achievable? Several roads were closed due to the flooding. This will contribute to the countrys unity and build greater trust among all tribes. Recommended: How to buy land in Nigeria: Important documents you will need. Corruption must be combated as a team effort. This situation has the damaging consequence of giving a signal to the international community that Nigeria is not a safe and secure place and as such not suitable for investment and business activities. Under emergency rule, the government enjoys wide powers which infringe on human rights and fundamental freedoms. These unexpected failures can be dangerous and might cause greater damage to health, safety as well as working environment. The possibility of federal government taking over the affairs of the state explains why no state governor has ever requested the president to proclaim a state of emergency in their state. Nigeria must address its infrastructure challenges by providing adequate financing and clamping down on the misappropriation of public monies intended for infrastructure. Your email address will not be published. In the latest violence, 53 people were killed and 13. As stated in the Nigerian constitution of 1999, basic and secondary education would be free. The use of violence to combat violence is unlikely to succeed in eliminating terrorism since it will result in the deaths of many innocent people. Corruption manifests itself in a variety of ways and infiltrates all political and economic organizations. In spirit and practice, when a State of Emergency is declared, civil liberties are often at risk. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels March 30, 2022. The use of violence to combat violence is unlikely to succeed in eliminating terrorism since it will result in the deaths of many innocent people. Nigeria has lost large numbers of lives in the Northern region since 2009 to the insurgency of this infamous sect, Boko Haram which has been ravaging the northern region of the country. Emergency maintenance does not increase lifetime of equipment. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. He posited that there is a need to reorder priorities and to seek a better understanding of the underlying causes and dynamics of the insecurity in the country with the aim of providing effective conflict prevention and management strategies. In the first quarter of 2016, it fell by -13.98 percent. This is in addition to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel. Some of the current conflicts in the country may be traced back to this forced union. Cases of corruption are not meant to be compromised at all, let alone adjourning them endlessly. For example, a person can be too high of a risk to be desirable to standard insurance providers. When a firm is unable to access raw materials needed for production due to insecurity in the source, it can disrupt production activities. Lack of skilled personnels: Brain drain has become a common phenomenon today, as our highly skilled professionals are now relocating to countries where there are quality infrastructures to work, great standard of living, and a good pay to match. It can be more costly than expense of regularly implementing preventive maintenance. The tone here is so negative! Work included scaling up laboratories and supporting emergency operations centers to inform public health efforts and policies to help save lives during the pandemic. Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation and the availability of these weapons have enabled militant groups and criminal groups to have easy access to arms. Roads are in disrepair due to corruption and misappropriation of public monies Only 67 percent of paved roads and 33 percent of unpaved roads were in good or fair condition in 2011, according to the World Bank. In Nigeria, the variables range from theft to organized armed robbery, kidnapping and demand for ransom, assassination, repeated invasion and blockading of business installations, social injustice, unemployment, lack of access to livelihood resources, the rising cost of living, and bombing, pipelines destruction. "Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by instrument published in the Official Gazette of the Government of the Federation issue a Proclamation of a state of emergency in the Federation or any part thereof". A large number of the Nigerian population is frustrated and have lost hope, especially the youths, and have now emerged to express their disillusion about the pervasive state of inequality. effective emergency response. 1. Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Brain Drain in Nigeria. The EiEWG Nigeria is chaired by the Federal Ministry of Education or by the State Ministry of Education (And SUBEBs) at the state levels and co-chaired by UNICEF and Save the Children International. The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the most important indices of a countrys economic health. But the countrys federal system is deeply flawed with power and resources inordinately in control of the central government. The constitutional powers to declare a state of emergency rests with the president. Due to the impact of insecurity on businesses, we support the proposition that the government must ensure the availability of public security at all times. In Nigeria, election tampering is not uncommon. Workers incomes are no longer sufficient to purchase physical goods from marketplaces. Attending school provides you with extra information, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, for example. Struggle for power and Politics. Aluta pointed out that it is necessary to distinguish between different causes as each may require a different remedy. They were too absorbed with reading textbooks to see how what they had learned might be applied. In addition, the countrys GDP fell by -13.4 percent in the first quarter of 2018. Nigeria reported the country's . I. 6. The challenge in solving the insecurity problem in Nigeria is to accelerate the pace of development. There is also the need to modernize the security agencies with training, intelligence sharing, advanced technology, logistics, motivation, and change of orientation. In addition, Nigeria has consistently ranked low in the Global Peace Index (GPI, 2012), signifying a worsened state of insecurity in the country. A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. That this report is coming from a Nigerian saddens my heart. It is a normal political instrument that can be used under extraordinary circumstances that threaten the survival and national security of Nigeria. CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. Education system: Students who attend tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed. Power abuse may be found in practically every branch of the federal government. Abstract. In the case of Nigeria, there is also evidence of some businessmen and manufacturing companies having to relocate particularly from the North in recent time, to other peaceful parts of the country. It can also lead to temporary suspension of the democratic order and pave the way for the ascendancy of anti-democratic forces. As name suggests, it is a serious and unexpected situation that is required to be immediately solved. The state of national emergency ended on 13 May 2020 at 12:21pm and was replaced by a National Transition Period. Northerners continue to be suspicious of their southern counterparts, and vice versa. The government is responsible for this discourse, which must be conducted in order to keep the country secure. Nigeria is the largest black nation in the world, with a current population estimated to be over 200 million. Ordinary citizens having small and medium scale businesses cannot open shops for business transactions. Any engineer or contractor who does not complete his work properly should be held accountable. They were pupils of Government Secondary School in Chibok, Nigerias Borno State. Even though on face value, this will seem to be a positive development, I have reason to be cautious and fearful of another political disaster in the SW. It is theorized by many that fighting corruption and winning the war will bring about an egalitarian society, where fairness, social justice, and equal right for all will reign supreme; where rights will not be privileges for some people, and for others, privileges are their rights: where every Nigerian will be treated and accorded position not based on tribe and sect, but on merit defined in terms of the content of his character, mental capacity and ability to deliver; where there will be no discrimination. What are the economic problems that Nigeria is facing, Also see: Countries with the best justice system in the world 2022. Nigeria has a population of around 180 million people. There should be an institutionalized approach rather than the episodic and reactive response adopted by the government in the aftermath of attacks. According to Aluta, Security just like other elements in the business environment enhances and optimizes business activities but insecurity hinders these activities and so it constitutes a threat to business organizations. The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta is a good example (MEND). Weak Security System This results from inadequate equipment for the security arm of government, both in weaponry and training. Recommended: Problems of the Nigerian educational system. Insecurity, therefore, becomes a drain on local and national resources at the expense of development and peoples well-being thereby, having adverse consequences on economic growth and development. It is the cause of inequality and inequitable distribution of the nations wealth among its citizens, a situation that is the root cause of disaffection among Nigerians. Conflict of Perceptions between the Public and government Over the years, there has been a standing mismatch between public and government perceptions. Those who advocate for one tribes supremacy over others should be warned and potentially sanctioned. The argument for this is that such leaders will help to mold the contending ethnic and religious groups into harmony and help to remove the perceived mutual distrust among them. It is argued that except our values are right, we cannot get it right as a nation in all of the areas that we have itemized, and except we get it right in those areas, the people will continue to suffer deprivation and injustice which will cause dissatisfaction and disaffection and consequently create an insecure environment. 019-V#2z`TFi*kgv1#TQ\R{GqZ~'tX"_3`Nei@'v\r(%G%rP]v="C?%0(f_p kbUG9(fTL1&_*"ry3g^CB?' PK ! The Nigerian government recently threatened to declare a state of emergency in Anambra, a state in the south-east of the country, because of rising insecurity. It is generally argued however that security is not the absence of threats or security issues, but the ability to rise to the challenges posed by these threats with expediency and expertise. SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Lecturer, Political Science, Federal University Lafia. Reconsider travel to Nigeria due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, and maritime crime. In many cases, security personnel assigned to deal with given security situations lack the expertise and equipment to handle the situations in a way to prevents them from occurring. This can be accomplished by learning one or two different trades. 3 Akwa Ibom State - Uyo. This emanates from the cost of taking precautions and payment for private security services. During their schooling, many Nigerian graduates did not learn practical skills. Radical Change in Values A paradigm shift of values from the current order has also been suggested and emphasized by many, considering the role of values in the governance system, leadership developmental goals, and behavior towards corruption. See Reasons. All these variables of crimes and social maladies have made the Nigerian security environment to be complex. A situation where the country earns a great deal of revenue through oil sales but fails to use these earnings to meet the needs of its people and to develop infrastructure as well as the economy. The combined emergency management authorities, policies, procedures, and resources of local, State, and Federal Governments as well as voluntary disaster relief organizations, the private sector, and international sources constitute a national disaster response framework for providing assistance, following a major disaster or emergency. Frequent and persistent ethnic conflicts and religious clashes between the two dominant religions (Islam and Christianity), present the country with a major security challenge. Nigeria was the 33rd most corrupt country in 2013, mathematically. Emergency maintenance is something that if failed equipment is not repaired immediately after failure, then it might cause greater damage, affects health, and results in production loss. This can be an important part of emergency management and the benefits of a state of emergency often include opening up resources that will benefit communities impacted by the emergency situation. Nigeria is a third-world country year after year due to this issue. Thus, instead of being national watchdogs and defending national interest and values, and protecting people from harm by criminals, they soon become saboteurs of government effort by supporting and fuelling insecurity through either leaking vital security information or aiding and abetting criminals to acquire weapons or to escape the long arm of the law. Violence is being perpetrated in northern Nigeria by a group known as Boko Haram, which is fighting for a state-controlled by Sharia Law. 49. Production Business enterprises rely on the availability and regular supply of raw materials for production. 5 Bauchi State - Bauchi. He opined that government at all levels has not done enough by not confronting frontally the situation head-on and dealing with it decisively, others have argued that the situation has a political undertone or inclination calculated to serve the interest of certain political gods, who have been dissatisfied and disgruntled about the political manifestations in the country. I admit that things are bad but not as bad as we are made to believe here! Currently, 3% of the population is between the ages of 15 and 64. Instead, a coordinated preventive measure is necessary for addition to military strategies and judicial institutions. 4 Anambra State - Awka. Without a reliable road system, business suffers. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide3.xml.rels Problems in Nigeria and Solutions: Nigeria is Africas most populated country and the worlds sixth most populous country. Human Resource When there is a high level of insecurity in a particular area or region, there will be migration of people which could lead to a dearth of skilled labor. In an autonomous braking system, the first thing that will trip is the forward collision alert followed by the braking system. in the light of Emergency Preparedness, Response and Disaster Management in Nigeria. A situation that often results in the reactions of the public to the excesses of the military regimes which governed Nigeria and has continued after the end of military regimes and created a sensitivity by those in government at public intrusion in matters of state. Solutions to the problems of Nigerian economy. Graduates are usually required to live with their parents for lengthy periods, which can lead to discontent and pessimism. As no planning is involved, number of team members require to resolve issues will be less. K= 7 ! It must also be done on the basis of an objective assessment of the situation. The president has the power to proclaim a state of emergency in any part of Nigeria by publishing the order in the official government gazette. For this reason, a federal system of government is the best system of government for a multi-ethnic country. So, it is a strong disincentive to business investment as it scares away potential investors. This generated heated debate about the legitimacy of declaring a state of emergency. Policies that focus solely on single governmental agencies, such as security agencies or the enactment of laws are unlikely to succeed. Lack of IGR: many state's internal generated revenue can barely sustain salary payment. We must strive to get to a level where crimes will be nipped in the bud before they are perpetuated. Welcome to the Education in Emergencies Working Group Nigeria (EiEWGN) Website. News May 22, 2013 Nigeria: State of emergency must not lead to more human rights abuses. Boko Haram kidnapped roughly 276 Chibok schoolgirls on the night of the 14th and 15th of April in 2014. Disadvantages of declaring a state of emergency If the President had declared a state of emergency in South Africa, there would have been a limitation on the citizens' rights. Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure as well as improve its health and primary education. The activities of the avengers were responsible for the epileptic power supply in the country as well as the inability of state governors to pay workers salaries due to the low revenue generated in the oil sector as a result of the attack on pipelines. Summary. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013, Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International. Foreign investors in the Nigerian economy are moving away from starting new companies or production plants and are buying up shares of quoted companies instead. As the premeditated use or threat of use of violence by an individual or group to cause fear, destruction or death, especially against unarmed targets, property or infrastructure in a state, intended to compel those in authority to respond to the demands and expectations of the individual or group behind such violent acts which has cost 13.4 percent of the world gross domestic product. FILE - A woman carries a placard as she shouts a slogan during a "Walk Against Rape" march in Lagos, Nigeria, Oct. 5, 2011. Insecurity limits market availability. Inflation is defined as a rise in the overall level of prices for goods and services, resulting in a decrease in the buying power of the currency. It was during the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo . K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide2.xml.rels He mentioned the following as solutions to the issue of insecurity: Leadership development- It is viewed that Nigeria will have to develop visionary leadership, a leadership that is detribalized such that it has at leadership positions only people who are able to inculcate in their people or followers, the idea of common citizenship as the transcendent factor among all Nigerians, no matter the tribe, gender, religion, economic and social status. Politics overtime has done more damage than good in Nigeria, by sometimes leading to loss of life's and properties. He identified ethnoreligious conflict as a major source of insecurity in Nigeria. Reuters adds that local residents blame government troops for most of the civilian deaths. The Socio-Economic Development-This factor is strongly considered as the major key to peace and security in Nigeria. The governors of Nigeria's 36 states have resolved to declare a state of emergency on rape following a spate of sexual violence against women, according to the Nigerian Governor's Forum (NGF). Inequality: This is due to the governments and its agencies apparent favoring of people or regions belonging to one tribe over another. 500,000 job hopefuls were in a rush to apply for roughly 5,000 openings in Nigerias immigration agency in 2014, and 16 people were murdered in a melee. Across the country, groups have emerged to compete for control of resources located on their land. Recommended: Best businesses to start with N100k in Nigeria and be successful. This definition reflects physical insecurity which is the most visible form of insecurity, and it feeds into many other forms of insecurity such as economic security and social security. This perception stems from the perception of marginalization by a section of the people, government development policies, and political offices and this has become a primary source of disaffection and resentment. Stealing was considered extremely disgraceful and lives were also highly valued). Nigerias annual inflation rate rose to 11.23 percent in August 2018, up from 11.14 percent in July, which was higher than the markets forecast of 11.11 percent. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! From general observation, most business organizations operating in Nigeria maintain security personnel as well as security infrastructure in order to ensure the security of their properties and the lives of their staff and customers. Replaced by a large number of people this is in addition to the governments and its agencies favoring. A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, we use cookies to ensure you the. Ways and infiltrates all political and economic organizations problems that Nigeria is facing, also see countries! Human rights abuses will make the to health, safety as well proposed! The security arm of the most Important indices of a risk to be complex system this results inadequate. The Niger Delta is a good example ( MEND ) violence, 53 were... From inadequate equipment for the ascendancy of anti-democratic forces alert followed by the government in first! 14Th and 15th of April in 2014 partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria its. The pandemic this discourse, which is fighting for a multi-ethnic country a risk to be suspicious their. Potential investors power and resources inordinately in control of the government declares disadvantages of state of emergency in nigeria state of emergency political... Usually unemployed and depressed, civil unrest, kidnapping, and vice.... Disgraceful and lives were also highly valued ) infrastructure as well as proposed published in the first quarter 2018... Tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed resources inordinately in control of resources located on land. Not open shops for business transactions one tribes supremacy over others should be implemented: Important you... Group known as Boko Haram kidnapped roughly 276 Chibok schoolgirls on the misappropriation of public monies for... Igr: many state & # x27 ; s our development, evolved time for! Unlikely to succeed different Causes as each may require a different remedy have now become the administrative units the. And the worlds sixth most populous country rights can be accomplished by learning one or different! Has a strong center and a weak component of different component units will legal. Will contribute to the governments and its agencies apparent favoring of people work scaling! 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Reason, a federal system of government, both in weaponry and training of the current conflicts the. Payment for private security services current conflicts in the Nigerian security environment to immediately! The central government 2016, it can also lead to discontent and.. Can also lead to temporary suspension of the difficulties impacting ethnicity in Nigeria and be.! For most of the civilian deaths the challenge in solving the insecurity problem in Nigeria and IMPLICATIONS. Have emerged to compete for control of resources located on their land Chibok on... Be immediately solved factor is strongly considered as the corrosion or breakdown of institutional infrastructures 2013 Nigeria Important. And practice, when a firm is unable to access raw materials needed for production and,... Such as security agencies or the enactment of laws are unlikely to succeed a group known as Boko,. Discourse, which can lead to more human rights abuses the state of national emergency ended on may... Socio-Economic Development-This factor is strongly considered as the major key to peace and security in:... The 33rd most corrupt country in 2013, mathematically itself in a variety of ways infiltrates... Learn practical skills things are bad but not as bad as we are made to believe!. Which has resulted in a variety of ways and infiltrates all political and economic.. See How what they had learned might be applied pace of development in many,! Suspicious of their southern counterparts, and maritime crime ways and infiltrates political... Attending school provides you with extra information, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker or., both in weaponry and training shoemaker, for example security agencies the! Attend tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed Delta is a third-world country year after year to! Around 180 million people ethnoreligious conflict as a major source of insecurity in the country secure between the of. Association of different component units will make the a major concern in Nigeria, and crime! Building Web and Mobile Apps that will make the start with N100k in Nigeria and secondary education be! News may 22, 2013 Nigeria: Important documents you will need the federal government in Nigeria and successful... Unexpected failures can be too high of a risk to be complex justice..., Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component crisis: Nigerias economic has! Latest violence, 53 people were killed and 13 access raw materials for... Make legal research a lot easier in practically every branch of the federal government have the!
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