In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. The Georgian newspaper opined that using black men as soldiers would be an embarrassment to Confederates and their children, saying that although African Americans should be used for slave labor, they should not be used as armed soldiers, opining that: Such an act on our part would be a stigma on the imperishable pages of history, of which all future generations of Southrons would be ashamed. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the Confederate soldiers were also faced with inadequate food rations, especially as the war progressed. Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. These lists contain names of Confederate soldiers, their regiment, and burial place transcribed from monuments and headstones. Confederate soldiers were also called Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. [7] By the end of the war, more than 100,000 Confederate soldiers had deserted,[8] and some estimates put the number as high as one-third of all Confederate soldiers. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Capnomania (Fumimania), Etymology and History. Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. An exact They promised to give us our freedom and money besides, but none of us believed them; we only fought because we had to." The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. However, within a very short time, what Kirkland was doing became obvious to both sides, and according to Kershaw cries from wounded soldiers for water erupted all over the battlefield. [17], The Confederate Congress provided for a Confederate army patterned after the United States Army. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. In 1864, the Confederates burned down Chambersburg, a Pennsylvania city they had raided twice in the years before, due to its failure to pay an extortion demand. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain reb. Army) or lieutenant generals. The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. . web pages By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). "[22], In some cases, the Confederates forced their African American slaves to fire upon U.S. soldiers at gunpoint,[91][92] such as at the First Battle of Bull Run. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. [95][96], The Confederacy did not allow African Americans to join the army, neither free people nor slaves. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. Only seven men achieved the rank of (full) general;[74] the highest-ranking (earliest date of rank) was Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate States Army. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. They were also called rebs and yanks. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. Regiments were commanded by colonels. [14] Four more slave states then joined the Confederacy. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the "War of the Rebellion." Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called "rebels." For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? "They forced their negroes to load their cannon," reported a U.S. officer. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army. They felt that they had no choice but to help defend their homes. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. The unsolvable problem was shipping it to the armies, especially when Lee's army in Virginia was at the end of a long, tenuous supply line. In most cases, though, Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications. The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. in Peter Wallenstein and Bertram Wyatt-Brown, ed., Ted Alexander, "'A Regular Slave Hunt': The Army of Northern Virginia and Black Civilians in the Gettysburg Campaign,", Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07, military forces of the Confederate States, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War, General officers in the Confederate States Army, Ranks and insignia of the Confederate States, Confederate States of America Transportation systems, Native Americans in the American Civil War, Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War Confederacy, Blockade runners of the American Civil War, General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States, Military of the Confederate States of America, Uniforms of the Confederate States Armed Forces, Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States, Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, "Deserters in the Civil War | Teachinghistory.org", "James McPherson: What They Fought For, 18611865", ""Civil "War Conscription Laws": November 15, 2012 by Margaret Wood. Mostabout 90,000were former . The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. President Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were willing to fight against it. A variation of the tale says the money was later moved to a "depository" in Atlanta, Georgia. "The Blue and Gray in Black and White: Assessing the Scholarship on Civil War Soldiers," in 'Aaron Sheehan-Dean, ed., 'The View from the Ground: Experiences of Civil War Soldiers, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07. What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? Most questions answered within 4 hours. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. The Statues of the Confederate leaders were not placed until 35 years after the Civil War because these men were not considered heros. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. "[126], Incomplete and destroyed records make an accurate count of the number of soldiers who served in the Confederate army impossible. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield. 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